HFO, or “Heavy Fuel Oil,” is a type of fuel commonly used in ships. HFO is a high viscosity and high density fuel derived from the refining of crude oil. It is primarily used in industrial applications, especially in large ship engines. It contains high levels of sulfur, metals, and other pollutants.
Advantages
Cost
It is lower in cost. Its economic advantage compared to other fuels is the main reason it is preferred for large-scale maritime transportation.
Energy Density
It has a high energy density, making it a suitable energy source for long voyages.
Disadvantages
Environmental Impact
Due to its high levels of sulfur and other pollutants, it emits harmful emissions into the environment. It particularly leads to SOx (sulfur oxides) and NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions.
Regulations
Due to environmental concerns, organizations like the International Maritime Organization (IMO) have imposed various restrictions on the use of HFO. The IMO 2020 regulation, which came into effect in 2020, reduced the sulfur content in marine fuels to 0.5%.
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